The stitches have to be removed by the pathologist, therefore possibly creating an artifact in the biopsy. The dots were preserved in the frozen sections, but they were lost in half of the decalcified tissues.Ĭonclusions: Derm dotting is an inexpensive, simple method that can replace the stitching technique used by surgeons to orient specimens. Results: In all cases of resected tissue, the nail varnish was visible under gross examination, traceable while cutting the tissue block, and clearly visible in the definitive sections. We also tested this method on frozen sections. Methods: We used the derm‐dotting technique on the intraoral tissues of nine patients who underwent resection of a squamous carcinoma. We examined the effectiveness of derm dotting on intraoral tissues. The nail varnish is resistant to different tissue processes, discernible while cutting the tissue block, and easily recognizable under the microscope.
#India ink color skin#
This method uses nail varnish to mark specific lesions and suspected section planes, or to orient skin resections. Purpose: Derm dotting is a new method of marking skin biopsies, and it is used by dermatopathologists to identify most diagnostic tissues on a microscopic slide. Furthermore, the chemical rationale behind the observed misleading colour change is discussed. Our results demonstrate an interesting and important pitfall in routine immunohistochemistry-based diagnostics that pathologists should be aware of. The remaining colours from provider A and the other colours did not show any changes during immunohistochemistry. No other applied reagents, nor tissue texture or processing showed any influence on the colour. Blue colour from provider A changed during immunohistochemistry into black, when 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine-tetrahydrochloride-dihydrate (DAB) and H2O2 was applied as an immunoperoxidase-based terminal colour signal. Immunohistochemistry was performed manually via stepwise omission of reagents to identify the colour changing mechanism. TMD (blue, red, black, yellow and green) obtained from three different providers (A, B and C, and Whiteout/Tipp-Ex®) were used. Tissue specimens were marked with various TMD and processed by two different methods. In this context, our group observed colour changes during routine immunohistochemistry. Therefore, the correlation between the applied TMD during macroscopy and the examined TMD during microscopy is crucial for the correct orientation, the residual tumour status and the subsequent therapeutic regime. In some cases (e.g., close margin), additional immunohistochemical analyses can be necessary.
Pathological biopsy protocols require tissue marking dye (TMD) for orientation. Conclusion: Nail enamel can be used as an alternative to India ink because of its less drying time, ease of application, good visibility on wax blocks and microscopically, availability in multiple colours, cost effectiveness and non-toxicity. However, processing fluids contamination is the main drawback of nail enamel.
Microscopic visibility of nail enamel was comparable with that of India ink. Results: Less drying time and visibility on paraffin wax block were excellent for nail enamel. After routine processing and staining, the effectiveness of nail enamel and India ink were compared based on macroscopic and microscopic parameters. Each selected margin is divided into 2 equal halves and one is inked with India ink and the other with nail enamel (Vernis A Ongles: Dark green). Materials and methods: N = 20, which included 10 mucosal and 10 skin samples. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of nail enamel for inking of surgical margin and to compare it with India ink. Because of these disadvantages, alternative materials have been suggested to replace India ink. The main disadvantages of India Ink are longer drying time, monochrome, toxicity and cost. Background: India Ink is the most commonly used ink in surgical pathology.
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